Ceramic-to-Metal Sealing Materials:
| Housing Material | Insulator | Conductor |
| NiFe Alloys & NiFeCO (Kovar) |
94%-99% Al2O3 | Kovar ; Copper Cored Kovar |
| 300 & 400 Series SST | AlN | 52 Alloy |
| Cu and Cu Alloys | BeO | Inconel |
| Inconel | Stainless Steels | |
| 42, 46, 49 Alloys |
Hermetic Seal Properties:
- Hermeticity: up to 1×10-9 atm cc/sec He
- Working Temperature > 500°C depending on materials and geometry
- Insulation Resistance: Typically exceeds 1 GΩ @ 100 VDC
Ceramic-to-Metal Sealing Features:
- High Abrasion Resistance
- High Mechanical Strength
- Pressures over 10,000 PSI
- High Temperature Usage
- Low Dielectric Loss
- Mass Spectrometer Leak Tested
- High Chemical Stability
Ceramic-to-Metal Welding Process:
- Cleaning
- Pasting
- Metallizing
- Nickel Plating
- Mounting
- Brazing
- Inspection&Packing
Ceramic-to-Metal Sealing Applications:
- Relay Insulators
- Capacitor
- Magnetrons
- Travelling Wave Tube
- X-ray Tube Components
- Electrosurgical Instrumentation
- Implantable Packages and Feedthroughs
- Gas Detectors
- Microscopes (TEM, SEM)
- High Voltage Feedthroughs
- High-temperature Feedthroughs
- RF Feedthroughs
- Optoelectronics and Power Tube
- Laser Tubes
- Thyristors
- Diodes
- And etc
